Until scientists develop vaccines for coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the most effective way to prevent transmission is so to follow official guidelines about physical distancing and hygiene.Īccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the best ways to avoid the novel coronavirus involve: Hand washing Major multinational efforts are underway to develop a vaccine to prevent infections causing COVID-19. Meanwhile, the European Medicine Agency has endorsed the use of dexamethasone for people who need oxygen or ventilation and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also authorized the use of remdesivir for people requiring hospital care. Also, some people with the disease experience very mild symptoms, while others experience none at all.ĭoctors are still learning the best ways to treat COVID-19. Not everyone with COVID-19 develops all of these symptoms - a person may only have one or two. People with underlying medical conditions and older adults are most at risk of severe COVID-19. The illness can cause mild to severe symptoms. The first cases of COVID-19 were identified in the city of Wuhan, China, in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19. No vaccines or drugs can treat or prevent MERS, and health authorities continue to monitor the virus closely. There have been 2,494 cases and 858 deaths. Since 2012, most cases of MERS have occurred in the Middle East. Healthcare workers, for example, may be particularly vulnerable. Human-to-human transmission is also possible during close contact with people who are sick. The first cases occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2012.Īpproximately 3 or 4 of every 10 people with confirmed MERS dies of the disease.Ī 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that MERS-CoV may spread through contact with animals, particularly camels. This coronavirus causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS. In severe cases, SARS causes a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to death in 10% of people. Since 2004, there have been no recorded cases of SARS in humans. In total, SARS spread across 26 countries, causing an epidemic with more than 8,000 cases. The first cases of this disease in humans occurred in the Guangdong province of China in 2002. This virus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. They rarely spread to the lower respiratory tract. These viruses are common worldwide and account for around 15–30% of all common colds. These four coronaviruses typically cause mild respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold, in humans. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which caused an outbreak of MERS that began in 2012.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which led to the SARS epidemic in 2002–2003.The remaining three can cause more severe illness. Four of these are common and cause mild illnesses in the upper and lower airways, nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs. There are four subtypes of coronavirus - alpha, beta, gamma, and delta -and scientists use these classifications to categorize the various species.Īmong all the coronaviruses, seven have affected humans.
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